Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy
Volume 4, Issue 4 , Pages 224-229 , December 2007

Fluorescence induced by aminolevulinic acid and methyl aminolevulinate on normal skin

  • Andrea Lesar

      Affiliations

    • Department of Photobiology, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom
  • ,
  • Miles Padgett

      Affiliations

    • Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
  • ,
  • Martin O’Dwyer

      Affiliations

    • Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
  • ,
  • James Ferguson

      Affiliations

    • Department of Photobiology, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom
  • ,
  • Harry Moseley, PhD FInstP

      Affiliations

    • Department of Photobiology, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. Tel.: +44 1382 633894; fax: +44 1382 633925.

References 

  1. Sieroń A, Kawczyk-Krupka A, Adamek M, et al. Photodynamic diagnosis (PDD) and photodynamic therapy (PDT) in dermatology: “How we do it”. Photodiag Photodyn Ther. 2006;3:132–133
  2. Ibbotson SH. How we treat a superficial basal cell carcinoma with topical photodynamic therapy in Dundee. Photodiag Photodyn Ther. 2006;3:128–131
  3. Moseley H, Ibbotson S, Woods J, Brancaleon L, et al. Clinical and research applications of photodynamic therapy in dermatology: Experience of the Scottish PDT Centre. Lasers Surg Med. 2006;38:403–416
  4. De Rosa FS, Tedesco AC, Lopez RF, et al. In vitro skin permeation and retention of 5-aminolevulinic acid ester derivatives for photodynamic therapy. J Control Release. 2003;89:261–269
  5. Gerscher S, Connelly JP, Griffiths J, et al. Comparison of the pharmacokinetics and phototoxicity of protoporphyrin IX metabolised from 5-aminolevulinic acid and two derivatives in human skin in vivo. Photochem Photobiol. 2000;72:569–574
  6. Gerscher S, Connelly JP, Beijersbergen Van Henegouwen GM, Macrobert AJ, Watt P, Rhodes LE. A quantitative assessment of protoporphyrin IX metabolism and phototoxicity in human skin following dose-controlled delivery of the prodrugs 5-aminolevulinic acid and 5-aminolevulinic acid-n-pentylester. Br J Dermatol. 2001;144:983–990
  7. Ackermann G, Abels C, Baumler W, et al. Simulations on the selectivity of 5-aminolaevulinic acid-induced fluorescence in vivo. J Photochem Photobiol B. 1998;47:121–128
  8. Gaullier JM, Berg K, Peng Q, et al. Use of 5-aminolevulinic acid esters to improve photodynamic therapy on cells in culture. Cancer Res. 1997;57:1481–1486
  9. Brunner H, Hausmann F, Knuechel R. New 5-aminolevulinic acid esters—efficient protoporphyrin precursors for photodetection and photodynamic therapy. Photochem Photobiol. 2003;78:481–486
  10. Zenzen V, Zankl H. Protoporphyrin IX-accumulation in human tumor cells following topical ALA- and h-ALA-application in vivo. Cancer Lett. 2003;202:35–42
  11. van den Akker JT, Iani V, Star WM, Sterenborg HJ, Moan J. Systemic component of protoporphyrin IX production in nude mouse skin upon topical application of aminolevulinic acid depends on the application conditions. Photochem Photobiol. 2002;75:172–177
  12. Ogasawara T, Miyoshi N, Fukuda M, et al. Fluorescent analysis of 5-aminolevulinic acid-induced protoporphyrin-IX in mouse transplanted tumour tissues. Int Congress Ser. 2003;1248:405–408
  13. Cairnduff F, Stringer MR, Hudson EJ, Ash DV, Brown SB. Superficial photodynamic therapy with topical 5-aminolaevulinic acid for superficial primary and secondary skin cancer. Br J Cancer. 1994;69:605–608
  14. Morton CA, Whitehurst C, Moseley H, McColl JH, Moore JV, MacKie RM. Comparison of photodynamic therapy with cryotherapy in the treatment of Bowen's disease. Br J Dermatol. 1996;135:766–771
  15. Morton CA, Whitehurst C, Moore JV, MacKie RM. Comparison of red and green light in the treatment of Bowen's disease by photodynamic therapy. Br J Dermatol. 2000;143:767–772
  16. Donnelly RF, Juzenas P, McCarron PA, Ma L-W, Woolfson AD, Moan J. Influence of formulation factors on methyl-ALA-induced protoporphyrin IX accumulation in vivo. Photodiag Photodyn Ther. 2006;3:190–201
  17. Juzenas P, Sharfaei S, Moan J, Bissonnette R. Protoporphyrin IX fluorescence kinetics in UV-induced tumours and normal skin of hairless mice after topical application of 5-aminolevulinic acid methyl ester. J Photochem Photobiol B. 2002;67:11–17
  18. Bugaj A, Iani V, Juzeniene A, Juzenas P, Li-Wei M, Moan J. The effect of dimethylsulfoxide 1-[2-(decylthio)ethyl]azacyclopentan-2-one and Labrafac® CC on porphyrin formation in normal mouse skin during topical application of methyl 5-aminolevulinate: a fluorescence and extraction study. Photodiag Photodyn Ther. 2006;27–33
  19. Fitzpatrick TB. The validity and practicality of sun-reactive skin types I through VI. Arch Dermatol. 1988;124:869–871
  20. Nadeau V, Hamdan K, Hewett J, et al. Endoscopic fluorescence imaging and point spectroscopy system for the detection of gastro-intestinal cancers. J Modern Opt. 2002;49:731–741
  21. Nadeau V, O’Dwyer M, Hamdan K, Tait I, Padgett M. In vivo measurement of 5-aminolevulinic acid-induced protoporphyrin IX photobleaching: a comparison of red and blue light of various intensities. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed. 2004;20:170–174
  22. O’Dwyer M, Nadeau V, Padgett M. A spectroscopic tool based on an interference filter and birefringent prisms: demonstration of detection of 5-aminolevulinic acid-induced protoporphyrin IX fluorescence. J Phys D: Appl Phys. 2003;36:1703–1706
  23. Ibbotson SH, Jong C, Lesar A, et al. Characteristics of 5-aminolaevulinic acid-induced protoporphyrin IX fluorescence in human skin in vivo. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed. 2006;22:105–110
  24. Kennedy JC, Pottier RH. Endogenous protoporphyrin IX, a clinically useful photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy. J Photochem Photobiol B. 1992;14:275–292
  25. Van den Akker JT, Iani V, Star WM, Sterenborg HJ, Moan J. Topical application of 5-aminolevulinic acid hexyl ester and 5-aminolevulinic acid to normal nude mouse skin: differences in protoporphyrin IX fluorescence kinetics and the role of the stratum corneum. Photochem Photobiol. 2000;72:681–689
  26. Washbrook R, Riley PA. Comparison of delta-aminolevulinic acid and its methyl ester as an inducer of porphyrin synthesis in cultured cells. Br J Cancer. 1997;75:1417-142
  27. Kloek J, Akkermans W, Beijersbergen Van Henegouwen GM. Derivatives of 5-aminolevulinic acid for photodynamic therapy: enzymatic conversion into protoporphyrin. Photochem Photobiol. 1998;67:150–154
  28. Fritsch C, Lang K, Neuse W, Ruzicka T, Lehmann P. Photodynamic diagnosis and therapy in dermatology. Skin Pharmacol Appl Skin Physiol. 1998;11:358–373
  29. Di Venosa GM, Fukuda H, Batlle A, Macrobert AJ, Casas A. Photodynamic therapy: regulation of porphyrin synthesis and hydrolysis from ALA esters. Photochem Photobiol. 2006;83:129–136

PII: S1572-1000(07)00099-3

doi: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2007.09.002

Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy
Volume 4, Issue 4 , Pages 224-229 , December 2007