Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy
Volume 4, Issue 4 , Pages 249-253 , December 2007

The effect of lidocaine on PpIX photobleaching and outcome of ALA-PDT in vitro

  • Patrycja Mikolajewska, MSc

      Affiliations

    • Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Rikshospitalet-Radiumhospitalet Medical Center, Montebello, 0310 Oslo, Norway
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author at: Department of Radiation Biology, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, N-0310 Oslo, Norway. Tel.: +47 22935113; fax: +47 22934270.
  • ,
  • Asta Juzeniene

      Affiliations

    • Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Rikshospitalet-Radiumhospitalet Medical Center, Montebello, 0310 Oslo, Norway
  • ,
  • Johan Moan

      Affiliations

    • Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Rikshospitalet-Radiumhospitalet Medical Center, Montebello, 0310 Oslo, Norway
    • Institute of Physics, University of Oslo, Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway

References 

  1. Juzeniene A, Nielsen KP, Moan J. Biophysical aspects of photodynamic therapy. J Environ Pathol Toxicol Oncol. 2006;25:7–28
  2. Triesscheijn M, Baas P, Schellens JH, Stewart FA. Photodynamic therapy in oncology. Oncologist. 2006;11:1034–1044
  3. Braathen LR, Szeimies RM, Basset-Seguin N, et al. Guidelines on the use of photodynamic therapy for nonmelanoma skin cancer: an international consensus. International Society for Photodynamic Therapy in Dermatology, 2005. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2007;56:125–143
  4. Kennedy JC, Pottier RH. Endogenous protoporphyrin IX, a clinically useful photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy. J Photochem Photobiol B. 1992;14:275–292
  5. Marcus SL, Sobel RS, Golub AL, Carroll RL, Lundahl S, Shulman DG. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photodiagnosis (PD) using endogenous photosensitization induced by 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA): current clinical and development status. J Clin Laser Med Surg. 1996;14:59–66
  6. Kloek J, Akkermans W, Beijersbergen van Henegouwen GM. Derivatives of 5-aminolevulinic acid for photodynamic therapy: enzymatic conversion into protoporphyrin. Photochem Photobiol. 1998;67:150–154
  7. Peng Q, Warloe T, Berg K, et al. 5-Aminolevulinic acid-based photodynamic therapy. Clinical research and future challenges. Cancer. 1997;79:2282–2308
  8. Washbrook R, Riley PA. Comparison of delta-aminolaevulinic acid and its methyl ester as an inducer of porphyrin synthesis in cultured cells. Br J Cancer. 1997;75:1417–1420
  9. Casas A, Batlle A. Rational design of 5-aminolevulinic acid derivatives aimed at improving photodynamic therapy. Curr Med Chem Anticancer Agents. 2002;2:465–475
  10. Borelli C, Herzinger T, Merk K, et al. Effect of subcutaneous infiltration anesthesia on pain in photodynamic therapy: a controlled open pilot trial. Dermatol Surg. 2007;33:314–318
  11. Ericson MB, Sandberg C, Stenquist B, et al. Photodynamic therapy of actinic keratosis at varying fluence rates: assessment of photobleaching, pain and primary clinical outcome. Br J Dermatol. 2004;151:1204–1212
  12. Grapengiesser S, Ericson M, Gudmundsson F, Larko O, Rosen A, Wennberg AM. Pain caused by photodynamic therapy of skin cancer. Clin Exp Dermatol. 2002;27:493–497
  13. Holmes MV, Dawe RS, Ferguson J, Ibbotson SH. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of the efficacy of tetracaine gel (Ametop) for pain relief during topical photodynamic therapy. Br J Dermatol. 2004;150:337–340
  14. Kasche A, Luderschmidt S, Ring J, Hein R. Photodynamic therapy induces less pain in patients treated with methyl aminolevulinate compared to aminolevulinic acid. J Drugs Dermatol. 2006;5:353–356
  15. Radakovic-Fijan S, Blecha-Thalhammer U, Kittler H, Honigsmann H, Tanew A. Efficacy of 3 different light doses in the treatment of actinic keratosis with 5-aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy: a randomized, observer-blinded, intrapatient, comparison study. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2005;53:823–827
  16. Sandberg C, Stenquist B, Rosdahl I, et al. Important factors for pain during photodynamic therapy for actinic keratosis. Acta Derm Venereol. 2006;86:404–408
  17. Skiveren J, Haedersdal M, Philipsen PA, Wiegell SR, Wulf HC. Morphine gel 0.3% does not relieve pain during topical photodynamic therapy: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Acta Derm Venereol. 2006;86:409–411
  18. Brown SB, Shillcock M, Jones P. Equilibrium and kinetic studies of the aggregation of porphyrins in aqueous solution. Biochem J. 1976;153:279–285
  19. van Oosten EJ, Kuijpers DIM, Thissen MRTM. Different pain sensations in photodynamic therapy of nodular basal cell carcinoma: results from a prospective trial and a review of the literature. Photodiagn Photodyn Therapy. 2006;3:61–68
  20. Wennberg AM. Pain, pain relief and other practical issues in photodynamic therapy. Australas J Dermatol. 2005;46:S3–S4Suppl
  21. Wiegell SR, Stender IM, Na R, Wulf HC. Pain associated with photodynamic therapy using 5-aminolevulinic acid or 5-aminolevulinic acid methylester on tape-stripped normal skin. Arch Dermatol. 2003;139:1173–1177
  22. Algermissen B, Osterloh D, Philipp CM, Berlien H-P. Management of ALA-PDT induced pain sensations. Med Laser Appl. 2003;18:57–64
  23. Arildsson M, Asker CL, Salerud EG, Stromberg T. Skin capillary appearance and skin microvascular perfusion due to topical application of analgesia cream. Microvasc Res. 2000;59:14–23
  24. Cairnduff F, Stringer MR, Hudson EJ, Ash DV, Brown SB. Superficial photodynamic therapy with topical 5-aminolaevulinic acid for superficial primary and secondary skin cancer. Br J Cancer. 1994;69:605–608
  25. Haller JC, Cairnduff F, Slack G, et al. Routine double treatments of superficial basal cell carcinomas using aminolaevulinic acid-based photodynamic therapy. Br J Dermatol. 2000;143:1270–1275
  26. Langan SM, Collins P. Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled prospective study of the efficacy of topical anaesthesia with a eutetic mixture of lignocaine 2.5% and prilocaine 2. 5% for topical 5-aminolaevulinic acid-photodynamic therapy for extensive scalp actinic keratoses. Br J Dermatol. 2006;154:146–149
  27. Shackley DC, Briggs C, Gilhooley A, et al. Photodynamic therapy for superficial bladder cancer under local anaesthetic. BJU Int. 2002;89:665–670
  28. Touma D, Yaar M, Whitehead S, Konnikov N, Gilchrest BA. A trial of short incubation, broad-area photodynamic therapy for facial actinic keratoses and diffuse photodamage. Arch Dermatol. 2004;140:33–40
  29. Das KC, Misra HP. Lidocaine: a hydroxyl radical scavenger and singlet oxygen quencher. Mol Cell Biochem. 1992;115:179–185
  30. Zanocco AL, Lemp E, Pizarro N, de la Fuente JR, Gunther G. Solvent effects on the sensitized photoxygenation of lidocaine. J Photochem Photobiol A: Chem. 2001;140:109–115
  31. Weishaupt KR, Gomer CJ, Dougherty TJ. Identification of singlet oxygen as the cytotoxic agent in photoinactivation of a murine tumor. Cancer Res. 1976;36:2326–2329
  32. Noguchi P, Wallace R, Johnson J, et al. Characterization of the WIDR: a human colon carcinoma cell line. In Vitro. 1979;15:401–408
  33. Dietel W, Wendenburg R. The phototransformation of ALA-induced protoporphyrin IX (PPIX) in carcinoma cells and of exogenous PPIX in cells and solutions. Proc SPIE. 1995;2371:567–571
  34. Strauss WS, Sailer R, Gschwend MH, Emmert H, Steiner R, Schneckenburger H. Selective examination of plasma membrane-associated photosensitizers using total internal reflection fluorescence spectroscopy: correlation between photobleaching and photodynamic efficacy of protoporphyrin IX. Photochem Photobiol. 1998;67:363–369
  35. Dysart JS, Patterson MS. Photobleaching kinetics, photoproduct formation, and dose estimation during ALA induced PpIX PDT of MLL cells under well oxygenated and hypoxic conditions. Photochem Photobiol Sci. 2006;5:73–81
  36. Margalit R, Shaklai N, Cohen S. Fluorimetric studies on the dimerization equilibrium of protoporphyrin IX and its haemato derivative. Biochem J. 1983;209:547–552
  37. Molnar A, Dedic R, Korinek M, Svoboda A, Hala J. Protoporphyrin IX and hematoporphyrin derivatives interactions with oxygen studied by time and spectral resolved phosphorescence. J Mol Struct. 2005;723–725
  38. Arildsson M, Nilsson GE, Stromberg T. Effects on skin blood flow by provocation during local analgesia. Microvasc Res. 2000;59:122–130
  39. Bjerring P, Andersen PH, rendt-Nielsen L. Vascular response of human skin after analgesia with EMLA cream. Br J Anaesth. 1989;63:655–660
  40. Newton DJ, McLeod GA, Khan F, Belch JJ. Mechanisms influencing the vasoactive effects of lidocaine in human skin. Anaesthesia. 2007;62:146–150
  41. Moan J. The photochemical yield of singlet oxygen from porphyrins in different states of aggregation. Photochem Photobiol. 1984;39:445–449
  42. Moan J, Berg K. The photodegradation of porphyrins in cells can be used to estimate the lifetime of singlet oxygen. Photochem Photobiol. 1991;53:549–553

PII: S1572-1000(07)00101-9

doi: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2007.10.002

Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy
Volume 4, Issue 4 , Pages 249-253 , December 2007