Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy
Volume 6, Issue 2 , Pages 84-92 , June 2009

Cholangiocarcinoma: An emerging indication for photodynamic therapy

  • Ron R. Allison, MD

      Affiliations

    • PDT Center, Radiation Oncology Department, Brody School of Medicine, Greenville, NC, USA
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author at: PDT Center, Radiation Oncology Department, Brody School of Medicine, Cancer Center 166, Greenville, NC 27834-4300, USA.
  • ,
  • Emmanuel Zervos

      Affiliations

    • Surgical Oncology Department, Brody School of Medicine, Greenville, NC, USA
  • ,
  • Claudio H. Sibata

      Affiliations

    • PDT Center, Radiation Oncology Department, Brody School of Medicine, Greenville, NC, USA

References 

  1. McCaughan JS, Mertens BF, Cho C, et al. Photodynamic therapy to treat tumors of the extrahepatic biliary ducts. A case report. Arch Surg. 1991;126(1):111–113
  2. Blechacz B, Gores GJ. Cholangiocarcinoma: advances in pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment. Hepatology. 2008;48(1):308–321
  3. Reddy SB, Patel T. Current approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of cholangiocarcinoma. Curr Gastroenterol Rep. 2006;8(1):30–37
  4. Kiesslich T, Wolkersdorfer G, Neureiter D, et al. Photodynamic therapy for non-resectable perihilar cholangiocarcinoma. Photochem Photobiol Sci. 2009;8(1):23–30
  5. Bismuth H, Nakache R, Diamond T. Management strategies in resection for hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Ann Surg. 1992;215(1):31–38
  6. Shaib Y, El-Serag HB. The epidemiology of cholangiocarcinoma. Semin Liver Dis. 2004;24(2):115–125
  7. Sell S, Dunsford HA. Evidence for the stem cell origin of hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma. Am J Pathol. 1989;134(6):1347–1363
  8. Hodge DR, Hurt EM, Farrar WL. The role of IL-6 and STAT3 in inflammation and cancer. Eur J Cancer. 2005;41(16):2502–2512
  9. Goydos JS, Brumfield AM, Frezza E, et al. Marked elevation of serum interleukin-6 in patients with cholangiocarcinoma: validation of utility as a clinical marker. Ann Surg. 1998;227(3):398–404
  10. Cheon YK, Cho YD, Moon JH, et al. Diagnostic utility of interleukin-6 (IL-6) for primary bile duct cancer and changes in serum IL-6 levels following photodynamic therapy. Am J Gastroenterol. 2007;102(10):2164–2170
  11. Jarnagin WR, Fong Y, DeMatteo RP, et al. Staging, resectability, and outcome in 225 patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Ann Surg. 2001;234(4):507–517[discussion 517–9]
  12. Baron TH, Harewood GC, Rumalla A, et al. A prospective comparison of digital image analysis and routine cytology for the identification of malignancy in biliary tract strictures. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2004;2(3):214–219
  13. Halling KC, Kipp BR. Fluorescence in situ hybridization in diagnostic cytology. Hum Pathol. 2007;38(8):1137–1144
  14. Patel AH, Harnois DM, Klee GG, et al. The utility of CA19-9 in the diagnoses of cholangiocarcinoma in patients without primary sclerosing cholangitis. Am J Gastroenterol. 2000;95(1):204–207
  15. Nehls O, Gregor M, Klump B. Serum and bile markers for cholangiocarcinoma. Semin Liver Dis. 2004;24(2):139–154
  16. Slattery JM, Sahani DV. What is the current state-of-the-art imaging for detection and staging of cholangiocarcinoma?. Oncologist. 2006;11(8):913–922
  17. Gleeson FC, Rajan E, Levy MJ, et al. EUS-guided FNA of regional lymph nodes in patients with unresectable hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Gastrointest Endosc. 2008;67(3):438–443
  18. Shim CS, Cheon YK, Cha SW, et al. Prospective study of the effectiveness of percutaneous transhepatic photodynamic therapy for advanced bile duct cancer and the role of intraductal ultrasonography in response assessment. Endoscopy. 2005;37(5):425–433
  19. Corvera CU, Blumgart LH, Akhurst T, et al. 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography influences management decisions in patients with biliary cancer. J Am Coll Surg. 2008;206(1):57–65
  20. Jarnagin WR, Shoup M. Surgical management of cholangiocarcinoma. Semin Liver Dis. 2004;24(2):189–199
  21. Zervos EE, Pearson H, Durkin AJ, et al. In-continuity hepatic resection for advanced hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Am J Surg. 2004;188(5):584–588
  22. Lang H, Sotiropoulos GC, Sgourakis G, et al. Operations for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: single-institution experience of 158 patients. J Am Coll Surg. 2009;208(2):218–228
  23. Aljiffry M, Abdulelah A, Walsh M, et al. Evidence-based approach to cholangiocarcinoma: a systematic review of the current literature. J Am Coll Surg. 2009;208(1):134–147
  24. Rea DJ, Rosen CB, Nagorney DM, et al. Transplantation for cholangiocarcinoma: when and for whom?. Surg Oncol Clin N Am. 2009;18(2):325–337
  25. Heimbach JK, Gores GJ, Haddock MG, et al. Liver transplantation for unresectable perihilar cholangiocarcinoma. Semin Liver Dis. 2004;24(2):201–207
  26. Abu-Hamda EM, Baron TH. Endoscopic management of cholangiocarcinoma. Semin Liver Dis. 2004;24(2):165–175
  27. Raijman I. Biliary and pancreatic stents. Gastrointest Endosc Clin N Am. 2003;13(4):561–592vii–viii
  28. Kaassis M, Boyer J, Dumas R, et al. Plastic or metal stents for malignant stricture of the common bile duct? Results of a randomized prospective study. Gastrointest Endosc. 2003;57(2):178–182
  29. De Palma GD, Galloro G, Siciliano S, et al. Unilateral versus bilateral endoscopic hepatic duct drainage in patients with malignant hilar biliary obstruction: results of a prospective, randomized, and controlled study. Gastrointest Endosc. 2001;53(6):547–553
  30. Chahal P, Baron TH. Endoscopic palliation of cholangiocarcinoma. Curr Opin Gastroenterol. 2006;22(5):551–560
  31. Saito H, Takada T, Miyazaki M, et al. Radiation therapy and photodynamic therapy for biliary tract and ampullary carcinomas. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg. 2008;15(1):63–68
  32. Takamura A, Saito H, Kamada T, et al. Intraluminal low-dose-rate 192Ir brachytherapy combined with external beam radiotherapy and biliary stenting for unresectable extrahepatic bile duct carcinoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2003;57(5):1357–1365
  33. Furuse J, Takada T, Miyazaki M, et al. Guidelines for chemotherapy of biliary tract and ampullary carcinomas. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg. 2008;15(1):55–62
  34. Takada T, Miyazaki M, Miyakawa S, et al. Purpose, use, and preparation of clinical practice guidelines for the management of biliary tract and ampullary carcinomas. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg. 2008;15(1):2–6
  35. Allison RR, Downie GH, Cuenca R, et al. Photosensitizers in clinical PDT. Photodiag Photodyn Ther. 2004;1(1):27–42
  36. Mott JL, Gores GJ. Targeting IL-6 in cholangiocarcinoma therapy. Am J Gastroenterol. 2007;102(10):2171–2172
  37. Pahernik SA, Dellian M, Berr F, et al. Distribution and pharmacokinetics of Photofrin in human bile duct cancer. J Photochem Photobiol B. 1998;47(1):58–62
  38. Kiesslich T, Berlanda J, Plaetzer K, et al. Comparative characterization of the efficiency and cellular pharmacokinetics of Foscan- and Foslip-based photodynamic treatment in human biliary tract cancer cell lines. Photochem Photobiol Sci. 2007;6(6):619–627
  39. Ortner MA, Liebetruth J, Schreiber S, et al. Photodynamic therapy of nonresectable cholangiocarcinoma. Gastroenterology. 1998;114(3):536–542
  40. Ortner M. Photodynamic therapy for cholangiocarcinoma. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg. 2001;8(2):137–139
  41. Berr F, Wiedmann M, Tannapfel A, et al. Photodynamic therapy for advanced bile duct cancer: evidence for improved palliation and extended survival. Hepatology. 2000;31(2):291–298
  42. Rumalla A, Baron TH, Wang KK, et al. Endoscopic application of photodynamic therapy for cholangiocarcinoma. Gastrointest Endosc. 2001;53(4):500–504
  43. Dumoulin FL, Gerhardt T, Fuchs S, et al. Phase II study of photodynamic therapy and metal stent as palliative treatment for nonresectable hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Gastrointest Endosc. 2003;57(7):860–867
  44. Wiedmann M, Caca K, Berr F, et al. Neoadjuvant photodynamic therapy as a new approach to treating hilar cholangiocarcinoma: a phase II pilot study. Cancer. 2003;97(11):2783–2790
  45. Harewood GC, Baron TH, Rumalla A, et al. Pilot study to assess patient outcomes following endoscopic application of photodynamic therapy for advanced cholangiocarcinoma. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2005;20(3):415–420
  46. Witzigmann H, Berr F, Ringel U, et al. Surgical and palliative management and outcome in 184 patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma: palliative photodynamic therapy plus stenting is comparable to r1/r2 resection. Ann Surg. 2006;244(2):230–239
  47. Kahaleh M, Mishra R, Shami VM, et al. Unresectable cholangiocarcinoma: comparison of survival in biliary stenting alone versus stenting with photodynamic therapy. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2008;6(3):290–297
  48. Ortner ME, Caca K, Berr F, et al. Successful photodynamic therapy for nonresectable cholangiocarcinoma: a randomized prospective study. Gastroenterology. 2003;125(5):1355–1363
  49. Zoepf T, Jakobs R, Arnold JC, et al. Palliation of nonresectable bile duct cancer: improved survival after photodynamic therapy. Am J Gastroenterol. 2005;100(11):2426–2430
  50. Zoepf T, Jakobs R, Rosenbaum A, et al. Photodynamic therapy with 5-aminolevulinic acid is not effective in bile duct cancer. Gastrointest Endosc. 2001;54(6):763–766
  51. Pereira SP, Ayaru L, Rogowska A, et al. Photodynamic therapy of malignant biliary strictures using meso-tetrahydroxyphenylchlorin. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2007;19(6):479–485
  52. Prasad GA, Wang KK, Baron TH, et al. Factors associated with increased survival after photodynamic therapy for cholangiocarcinoma. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2007;5(6):743–748
  53. Berr F, Tannapfel A, Lamesch P, et al. Neoadjuvant photodynamic therapy before curative resection of proximal bile duct carcinoma. J Hepatol. 2000;32(2):352–357
  54. Nanashima A, Yamaguchi H, Shibasaki S, et al. Adjuvant photodynamic therapy for bile duct carcinoma after surgery: a preliminary study. J Gastroenterol. 2004;39(11):1095–1101
  55. Wiedmann M, Berr F, Schiefke I, et al. Photodynamic therapy in patients with non-resectable hilar cholangiocarcinoma: 5-year follow-up of a prospective phase II study. Gastrointest Endosc. 2004;60(1):68–75
  56. Zoepf T, Jakobs R, Arnold JC, et al. Photodynamic therapy for palliation of nonresectable bile duct cancer—preliminary results with a new diode laser system. Am J Gastroenterol. 2001;96(7):2093–2097

PII: S1572-1000(09)00053-2

doi: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2009.05.001

Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy
Volume 6, Issue 2 , Pages 84-92 , June 2009